© Iakov Kalinin | Dreamstime.com
Ever had more work than you had time? Ever felt that with the ever-decreasing budgets, and no ability to hire new help that the demands of your organization exceed its capabilities?
How to solve the common challenges that organizations face is of course to logically focus on the things that aren’t working in your organization, and try to figure out how to fix them. The conventional problem‑solving tools of deductive reasoning have continued to produce similar outcomes from one business to the next. What we focus on however, we often create more of — meaning that if we are only able to see what’s broken in our workplace, we may never find what’s working. This is where a technique in organizational development called appreciative inquiry may come to your aid.
Appreciative Inquiry (AI) is a model of organizational development that asks leaders to shift to a positive perspective by examining the things that an organization does well and thereby leveraging its innate strengths to outweigh its limitations whether they be budgetary or otherwise. The AI approach was born out of the research of Case Western Reserve University whereupon leaders recognize the value the contributions of things and people around them (appreciation), and then explore, discover, and understand more about these possibilities (inquiry). This is done in what is called the 5D approach which is as follows:
- Define
You have to be able to define the scope of an appreciative inquiry’s focus. So rather than making it “how do we continue to produce the same level of productivity with fewer staff,” it would be “how do we accelerate the productivity of our existing staff?” The phrasing of a focus is critical to what answers come in the subsequent steps of an appreciative inquiry. Remember “seek and you shall find.”
- Discover
Identify the organizational processes that work well. This can be done by making daily rounds face to face with team members and organizational units to both establish rapport but namely to probe deeply into what makes their jobs easier or to find what solutions they’ve developed to address some of their common challenges, thus to become an investigator within your own organization! Through the process of discovery you are able to not only have greater understanding with your employees, but also to identify potential issues before they become a problem. Through AI you empower your team members to have greater access to you as a leader, and they empower you to discover what works.
- Dream
Envisioning the future is what can become what science often calls a “strange attractor.” This is about the ability to clearly identify where you’re going and share that vision with others routinely either through your repeat discovery procedures, or through organizational communications such as newsletters and e-mails. The dream step allows you to communicate a shared vision that others can be inspired to contribute toward, and invite them to dialogue.
- Design
This is the inventory process by which you take note of all the planning and priorities that would work well in the future. Again, the key here is to continue to be solutions-focused and thus future-focused, and to allow the dream and visioning process to quickly roll over into asking yourself and others, “What might that look like?”
For example, let’s say that Robert is a line worker in a factory and he has told you when you were rounding during the discovery procedure that he really likes it when the Tuesday shipment of supplies he needs to do his job comes before lunch. When the shipment comes on Tuesday mornings, he tells you that it allows him to notify his peers to pick them up in the afternoon. There’s been a problem with other areas being at a standstill, often unable to do their jobs on Wednesday mornings because they have no supplies. If you were to design a process by which the inventory was distributed more routinely on Tuesday mornings, how could you design a process that would ensure those successes could be repeated every time? This is process engineering 101, but with a positive twist! It’s not about fixing the unproductive Wednesday mornings; it’s about focusing on Robert’s successes and amplifying them.
- Deliver
This is where the rubber meets the road and all that hard work of having crucial conversations with others through discovery, inspiring them to envision more what works best through dreaming, and then designing it out into form. This may require the formation of strategic task forces, or subunits that are responsible for implementation. But again, this step is about the execution of the proposed design through shared governance and inclusion.
The principles of AI are based on the idea that when you build upon your strengths rather than focusing upon your weaknesses, you create empowered solutions that become like a happy virus infecting all those around you. Then suddenly, when people come knocking on your door with a problem, they know to come with some ideas and solutions in hand that can be easily implemented to leverage their own strengths toward greater success.
The key to implementation of appreciative inquiry is through communicating the AI philosophy to all members of the team. Many organizations have what is called an “Appreciative Inquiry Summit” where key stakeholders and leaders of an organization are brought together to dig deep into what’s really right about their organization, and to ask themselves how they might be able to envision that growing larger and being more emphasized.
The old and outdated approach of identifying problems, analyzing causes, possible solutions, and then activating treatments based on those possible solutions is only a three-dimensional approach. The Five-D’s: Define, Discover, Dream, Design and Deliver, are five dimensions of managerial problem solving that ensure that leaders are able to transform organizational challenges into amplifications of possibility.
